Translation guide
The English word 'burst' covers sudden breaking, exploding, and rapid movement. In Japanese, different verbs are used depending on what bursts and how.
To suddenly break open or explode due to internal pressure, often with a popping sound.
General intransitive verb for something breaking or bursting open, especially hollow objects like balloons, bubbles, eggs, or glass.
風船が割れた。
The balloon burst.
シャボン玉が割れた。
The soap bubble burst.
More formal/technical term for bursting or rupturing, often used for tires, blood vessels, or explosions.
タイヤが破裂した。
The tire burst.
パイプが破裂して水が噴き出した。
The pipe burst and water gushed out.
Specifically for a tire puncture or blowout. Borrowed from English 'puncture'.
自転車のタイヤがパンクした。
My bicycle tire burst.
To suddenly start doing something intensely, often emotionally or dramatically.
Pattern meaning 'suddenly start ~ing'. Use with verbs like 泣く (cry), 笑う (laugh).
彼女は突然泣き出した。
She burst into tears.
みんな突然笑い出した。
Everyone burst out laughing.
Literary pattern 'as if exploding', used for dramatic sudden actions.
感情が爆発するように泣いた。
She burst into tears as if her emotions exploded.
To burst out laughing loudly, literally 'explosive laughter'.
彼の冗談にみんな爆笑した。
Everyone burst out laughing at his joke.
To enter suddenly and forcefully.
To jump or rush into a place suddenly.
彼は部屋に飛び込んできた。
He burst into the room.
To burst in uninvited or disruptively, often with a negative nuance.
会議に乱入する人がいた。
Someone burst into the meeting.
To break open or give way under pressure, releasing contents.
Specifically for a dam, levee, or riverbank bursting.
大雨で堤防が決壊した。
The embankment burst due to heavy rain.
To tear or break open; can be used for skin, bags, etc.
傷口が破れて血が出た。
The wound burst open and bled.
To be full of something to the point of overflowing.
Pattern meaning 'overflowing with ~'. Natural for abstract qualities.
彼は自信にあふれている。
He is bursting with confidence.
その料理は風味にあふれている。
The dish is bursting with flavor.
Means 'full of ~', more casual than あふれている.
彼女は喜びでいっぱいだ。
She is bursting with joy.
破裂する sounds too technical for everyday objects like balloons or bubbles. Use 割れる instead.
風船が割れた。
The balloon burst.