Translation guide
In Japanese, the concept of 'chronic illness' is most commonly expressed with the term 慢性疾患 (mansei shikkan), a direct and formal medical term. However, everyday conversation often uses more general or euphemistic expressions, and the specific condition is frequently named rather than using a broad term.
Referring to a chronic illness in a formal, medical, or general context.
The standard medical term for 'chronic illness'. Used in formal contexts, medical documents, and news.
彼は慢性疾患を抱えている。
He has a chronic illness.
慢性疾患の治療には長期的なケアが必要だ。
Treating chronic illnesses requires long-term care.
Refers to a chronic illness or condition that one has had for a long time, often used in personal contexts. Implies a condition that is managed rather than cured.
持病があるので、定期的に病院に行っています。
I have a chronic condition, so I go to the hospital regularly.
彼の持病は喘息です。
His chronic illness is asthma.
Similar to 慢性疾患 but slightly less formal. Commonly used in everyday language and health-related discussions.
慢性病の予防には生活習慣の改善が大切です。
Improving lifestyle habits is important for preventing chronic illness.
Talking about a chronic illness without specifying it, often to avoid stigma or in polite conversation.
Literally 'long illness', a softer, more indirect way to refer to a chronic condition. Common in personal stories or when the exact diagnosis is private.
母は長い病気で入院しています。
My mother is hospitalized with a long-term illness.
A common way to say 'I have a chronic condition' without naming it. Often used when explaining limitations or needs.
持病があるので、激しい運動はできません。
I have a chronic condition, so I can't do strenuous exercise.
In Japanese, it is often more natural to name the specific illness rather than use a general term like 'chronic illness'.
Instead of saying 'chronic illness', Japanese speakers frequently refer to the exact condition (e.g., 糖尿病 for diabetes, 高血圧 for hypertension). This is more direct and common in both medical and everyday contexts.
私は糖尿病を患っています。
I have diabetes (a chronic illness).
高血圧の薬を毎日飲んでいます。
I take medication for high blood pressure every day.
慢性疾患 is the formal medical term, suitable for written reports or professional contexts. 持病 is more personal and conversational, often used when talking about one's own or a family member's long-standing condition. 持病 implies a condition that is part of one's life, while 慢性疾患 is a clinical category.
In many situations, it is more natural to specify the illness (e.g., 喘息, リウマチ) rather than using a generic term. This is especially true in medical settings or when discussing symptoms and treatment.