Translation guide
The English word 'deduction' can refer to logical reasoning, subtracting an amount, or a tax-related reduction. This guide helps learners express each meaning naturally in Japanese.
Expressing the process of reaching a conclusion based on evidence or premises.
General term for inference or reasoning, used in both everyday and academic contexts.
Referring to the act of subtracting or the amount subtracted, often in financial or mathematical contexts.
Commonly used for deductions from salary, taxes, or payments. Also a noun for the deducted amount.
A specific amount subtracted from taxable income, reducing tax liability.
推論 is a broad term for logical inference, used in academic and everyday settings. 推理 implies detective-like reasoning or solving puzzles, and is common in mystery stories.
科学者はデータから推論を導く。
Scientists draw deductions from data.
推理小説が好きです。
I like detective novels.
推理 is only for logical reasoning. For financial or tax deductions, use 控除 or related terms.
彼の推論は正しかった。
His deduction was correct.
その結論は推論に基づいている。
The conclusion is based on deduction.
Often used for detective-like reasoning or solving mysteries. Common in fiction and games.
探偵は鋭い推理で事件を解決した。
The detective solved the case through sharp deduction.
Formal term for deductive reasoning, mainly in logic or philosophy. Rare in daily conversation.
演繹法は一般的な前提から特定の結論を導く。
Deduction derives a specific conclusion from general premises.
給料から税金が控除される。
Tax is deducted from the salary.
控除額を確認してください。
Please check the deduction amount.
Refers to the net result after deductions, or the act of subtracting. Often used in business.
経費を差し引きすると利益はわずかだ。
After deducting expenses, the profit is small.
Specifically means automatic deduction from wages, like for savings or loan payments.
社内貯金は給料から天引きされる。
The company savings plan is deducted from the salary.
Standard term for income tax deduction. Used in official tax documents.
医療費控除は所得控除の一つです。
The medical expense deduction is one type of income deduction.
Tax credit (direct reduction of tax owed), sometimes translated as 'deduction' in English. Important distinction.
In Japanese tax law, 所得控除 (income deduction) reduces taxable income, while 税額控除 (tax credit) directly reduces tax. English 'deduction' usually maps to 所得控除.
住宅ローン減税は税額控除です。
The mortgage tax reduction is a tax credit.
Common phrase meaning 'to receive a deduction' or 'to claim a deduction'.
扶養控除を受けるには申請が必要です。
You need to apply to receive the dependent deduction.