Translation guide
The English word 'evolution' can refer to biological evolution, gradual development, or change over time. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for these meanings, from scientific terms to everyday phrases.
The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection, or the process of species changing over generations.
The standard term for biological evolution. Used in scientific and everyday contexts.
ダーウィンの進化論は有名です。
Darwin's theory of evolution is famous.
人類の進化について学びました。
I learned about human evolution.
Specifically 'theory of evolution'. Often used when discussing Darwinism or evolutionary biology as a concept.
進化論は生物学の基礎です。
The theory of evolution is the foundation of biology.
The process of something developing gradually over time, such as technology, society, or a skill.
Also used metaphorically for non-biological evolution, like technology or ideas. Very common.
スマートフォンは急速に進化してきた。
Smartphones have evolved rapidly.
彼の考え方は時間とともに進化した。
His way of thinking evolved over time.
Means 'development' or 'progress'. Often used for societal, economic, or technological advancement. Less biological nuance than 進化.
Means 'transition' or 'changes over time'. Often used in formal or written contexts to describe historical evolution of systems, customs, etc.
A process of change from one state to another, not necessarily gradual or progressive.
General word for 'change'. Can be used for evolution when the focus is on the fact of changing rather than progress.
市場の変化に対応しなければならない。
We must adapt to the evolution of the market.
A phrase meaning 'to achieve evolution' or 'to undergo evolution'. Emphasizes a significant transformation.
この製品は大きな進化を遂げた。
This product has undergone a major evolution.
進化 implies a directional, often progressive change. For neutral or non-directional change, use 変化 instead. Saying 変化した is safer when you just mean 'changed'.
進化 is closer to 'evolution' (biological or metaphorical), while 発展 is 'development' or 'expansion'. Use 発展 for economic growth, urban development, or unfolding of events.
インターネットの発展は目覚ましい。
The evolution of the internet is remarkable.
日本語の変遷を研究しています。
I'm researching the evolution of the Japanese language.