Translation guide
The act of a government or authority taking private property for public use or state ownership, often with compensation. In Japanese, this is expressed through specific legal terms, common verbs, and set phrases depending on context.
To refer to the formal, legal process by which a government takes private land or property, typically for public works, with compensation.
The standard legal term for expropriation, especially of land, under laws like the Land Expropriation Act. Implies compulsory acquisition with compensation.
土地収用法に基づく収用
expropriation under the Land Expropriation Act
公共事業のための収用が行われた。
Expropriation for the public works project was carried out.
Emphasizes the compulsory nature of the taking. Often used in legal or political contexts.
政府はその土地を強制収用した。
The government forcibly expropriated the land.
Refers to taking over property or facilities, often by military or government authorities, sometimes temporarily. Can imply requisitioning.
軍が建物を接収した。
The military expropriated the building.
Means confiscation or seizure, often as a penalty or without compensation. Not a direct equivalent of 'expropriation' but may be used in contexts of state taking.
Implies seizure without compensation, unlike typical expropriation.
違法な財産は没収された。
The illegal property was confiscated.
To describe the state taking control of entire industries, companies, or large-scale assets, often for political or economic reasons.
The standard term for nationalization, i.e., transferring private assets to state ownership. Often used for industries or companies.
石油産業の国有化
nationalization of the oil industry
政府は銀行を国有化した。
The government nationalized the banks.
Literally 'seizure by the state', used when the government takes over assets, sometimes without full legal process.
外資系企業の国家による接収が行われた。
Expropriation of foreign-owned companies by the state took place.
To express the idea of taking someone's property in a broader, sometimes figurative sense, not necessarily through formal legal procedures.
A common, neutral way to say 'to take away property'. Can be used in various contexts, from legal to informal.
彼らは不当に財産を取り上げられた。
They had their property unjustly taken away.
To confiscate property, often with a punitive connotation. Stronger than '取り上げる'.
裁判所は彼の財産を没収した。
The court confiscated his property.
収用 (shūyō) typically refers to the taking of specific land or property for public use, often with compensation under eminent domain. 国有化 (kokuyūka) refers to nationalization, i.e., bringing an entire industry or company under state ownership. Use 収用 for land expropriation and 国有化 for nationalization of businesses.
土地収用は公共事業のために行われる。
Land expropriation is carried out for public works.
国有化は政治的理由で行われることが多い。
Nationalization is often done for political reasons.
There is no single Japanese word that covers all nuances of 'expropriation'. Using a direct translation like '収用' in non-legal contexts may sound unnatural. Choose the term based on whether it's land, assets, or a general taking, and whether compensation is involved.