Translation guide
A sudden widespread loss of confidence in the financial system, leading to bank runs, market crashes, or economic crisis.
Referring to a broad financial panic, economic crisis, or market turmoil.
Standard term for a financial panic or crisis, often used in economic contexts.
1929年の金融恐慌は世界経済に大きな影響を与えた。
The financial panic of 1929 had a major impact on the global economy.
Broader term for economic crisis, which can include financial panics.
その国は深刻な経済危機に直面している。
The country is facing a serious economic crisis.
Financial crisis, often used interchangeably with 金融恐慌 but slightly less severe in nuance.
2008年の金融危機はリーマンショックとして知られている。
The 2008 financial crisis is known as the Lehman Shock.
Specifically referring to a panic where depositors rush to withdraw money from banks.
Literally 'run on a bank', describing the panic when many depositors withdraw funds simultaneously.
その銀行で取り付け騒ぎが起きた。
A bank run occurred at that bank.
Phrase meaning 'a bank run occurs'.
金融不安から取り付けが起きる恐れがある。
There is a risk of a bank run due to financial uncertainty.
Describing a sudden drop in stock or asset prices driven by panic selling.
Stock market crash, often associated with panic selling.
金融不安で株価暴落が起きた。
A stock market crash occurred due to financial uncertainty.
Panic selling, the act of selling assets out of fear.
投資家のパニック売りで市場が混乱した。
The market was thrown into chaos by investors' panic selling.
金融恐慌 (financial panic) implies a more sudden, acute crisis often involving bank runs, while 金融危機 (financial crisis) is a broader term that can refer to prolonged instability. In many contexts they overlap, but 金融恐慌 is closer to the English 'panic'.
Do not translate 'panic' directly as パニック in financial contexts unless referring to panic selling (パニック売り). The word パニック alone usually means a state of confusion or fear, not a financial event.
1907年の金融恐慌が連邦準備制度の創設につながった。
The financial panic of 1907 led to the creation of the Federal Reserve.