Translation guide
The act of officially issuing or distributing something, such as documents, certificates, cards, or statements.
To express the act of an authority or organization formally issuing something to a person.
The most common and general term for issuing documents, certificates, tickets, cards, currency, etc. Used for both physical and digital issuance.
パスポートの発行には時間がかかります。
Issuance of a passport takes time.
新しいクレジットカードが発行されました。
A new credit card was issued.
Often used in legal or administrative contexts for the granting or delivery of official documents, licenses, or certificates to an individual. Emphasizes the act of handing over.
運転免許証の交付を受ける。
Receive the issuance of a driver's license.
証明書を交付する。
Issue a certificate.
Specifically used for the issuance of visas, passports, or permits by a government authority. More formal and limited in scope.
ビザの発給が遅れている。
The issuance of visas is delayed.
To express the act of making an official statement, announcement, or order public.
General term for making an announcement or releasing information publicly. Often used for statements, reports, or findings.
政府は新しい政策を発表した。
The government issued a new policy.
声明の発表は明日です。
The issuance of the statement is tomorrow.
Used for official announcements of orders, warnings, or declarations, such as emergency warnings or appointment orders.
To express the act of a company or government issuing financial instruments.
The standard term for issuing stocks, bonds, currency, or other financial instruments.
新株の発行を決議した。
They resolved the issuance of new shares.
国債の発行額が増えた。
The issuance amount of government bonds increased.
発行 is the most general term for issuing documents, cards, or publications. 交付 is used when the focus is on delivering an official document to a specific person, often in legal contexts. 発給 is limited to government-issued permits like visas and passports.
パスポートを発行する
issue a passport (general process)
パスポートを交付する
issue/deliver a passport to an applicant
ビザを発給する
issue a visa (government action)
避難指示が発令された。
An evacuation order was issued.