Translation guide
The English word 'manifest' can be an adjective meaning 'obvious/clear', a verb meaning 'to show clearly' or 'to appear', or a noun meaning 'a list of cargo/passengers'. This guide covers natural Japanese equivalents for each use.
Describing something that is clearly apparent or undeniable.
The most common and neutral way to say something is obvious or evident. Used in both spoken and written Japanese.
彼の嘘は明らかだった。
His lie was manifest.
問題点は明らかです。
The problem is manifest.
Stronger and more formal than 明らか, often used in legal or official contexts to mean 'manifestly' or 'clearly evident'.
それは明白な事実だ。
That is a manifest fact.
Literary or formal term meaning 'manifest' or 'obvious', often used in the phrase 歴然たる (clear, unmistakable).
両者の差は歴然としている。
The difference between the two is manifest.
To make something evident or to demonstrate a quality or feeling.
General verb meaning 'to show' or 'to indicate'. Can be used for manifesting qualities, intentions, or evidence.
彼は怒りをあらわに示した。
He manifested his anger openly.
データがその傾向を示している。
The data manifests that trend.
Often used for manifesting abstract things like emotions, thoughts, or characteristics. Implies giving outward expression.
Formal or technical term for 'to manifest' or 'to become apparent', often used in medical or scientific contexts.
症状が発現した。
Symptoms manifested.
When something manifests itself or becomes apparent without an explicit agent.
Common intransitive verb meaning 'to appear' or 'to become visible'. Used for ghosts, phenomena, or abstract things becoming manifest.
Formal term meaning 'to become actualized' or 'to surface', often used for latent problems or risks becoming manifest.
リスクが顕在化した。
The risk manifested.
Means 'to embody' or 'to materialize', often used for ideas or abstract concepts taking concrete form.
彼の夢が具現化した。
His dream manifested.
Referring to a document listing items on a ship, plane, or vehicle.
Standard term for a cargo manifest. Used in shipping and logistics.
積荷目録を確認してください。
Please check the manifest.
Loanword from English, commonly used in IT or logistics contexts, especially for digital manifests.
Specifically a passenger manifest or list of passengers.
乗客名簿に名前が載っていた。
His name was on the passenger manifest.
English 'manifest' as a verb is often translated with 示す or 表す, but these are not always interchangeable. 示す is more objective (showing evidence), while 表す is more about expressing inner states. Using マニフェストする is not natural Japanese outside very specific technical jargon.
Both mean 'obvious', but 明白 is stronger and often used in formal accusations or legal contexts (e.g., 明白な違反 'a manifest violation'). 明らか is more everyday.
彼女は喜びを顔に表した。
She manifested joy on her face.
マニフェストファイルをダウンロードする。
Download the manifest file.