Translation guide
The English phrase "mess up" has several distinct meanings. This guide helps learners choose the right Japanese expression depending on whether they mean making a mistake, ruining something, making something untidy, or causing emotional distress.
To do something incorrectly, make an error, or fail at a task.
General verb for making a mistake or error. Transitive; the thing mistaken is marked with を.
計算を間違えた。
I messed up the calculation.
道を間違えてしまった。
I messed up and took the wrong road.
To fail or mess up an attempt. Intransitive; often used for plans, projects, or performances.
プレゼンで失敗した。
I messed up during the presentation.
試験に失敗した。
I messed up on the exam.
Casual slang from English 'miss'. Used for minor mistakes or slip-ups.
またミスっちゃった。
I messed up again.
Slang for messing up badly or doing something stupid. Often implies a significant blunder.
彼はまたやらかした。
He messed up again.
To damage, ruin, or spoil a thing, plan, or situation.
To ruin or spoil something completely. Often used for plans, moods, or efforts.
雨でピクニックが台無しになった。
The rain messed up the picnic.
彼の一言で雰囲気が台無しになった。
His one comment messed up the atmosphere.
To mess up thoroughly, make a mess of. Stronger and more colloquial than 台無しにする.
子供が部屋をめちゃくちゃにした。
The kids messed up the room.
計画をめちゃくちゃにされた。
My plans got messed up.
To break or damage physically. Can be used for messing up objects or systems.
To make a physical space or arrangement messy, untidy, or disorganized.
To scatter things around and make a mess. Transitive; the place is marked with を.
部屋を散らかさないで。
Don't mess up the room.
おもちゃを散らかしたままにしないで。
Don't leave your toys messed up.
To disturb order or neatness. Often used for hair, clothes, or arrangements.
To make something messy, jumbled, or crumpled. Colloquial.
書類をぐちゃぐちゃにしないで。
Don't mess up the documents.
To upset, confuse, or psychologically disturb someone.
To confuse or mess with someone's mind. Often used for mental or emotional turmoil.
彼の言葉が私を混乱させた。
His words messed me up.
To be mentally messed up or worn down. Passive nuance; often used for lasting psychological impact.
あの経験で精神的にやられた。
That experience really messed me up.
To hurt someone emotionally. Can be used when someone's words or actions mess up another person's feelings.
The English phrase "mess up" covers many situations, but there is no single Japanese verb that fits all. Using a direct translation like 乱す for a mistake will sound unnatural. Always match the Japanese expression to the specific meaning.
間違える focuses on the error itself (e.g., wrong answer, wrong turn). 失敗する focuses on the failure of an attempt or plan. Use 間違える for factual mistakes and 失敗する for unsuccessful outcomes.
I dropped my phone and messed it up.
The wind messed up my hair.
彼女は彼の言葉で傷ついた。
She was messed up by his words.