Translation guide
In Japanese, politeness is expressed through grammar, word choice, and social context rather than a single word. The most common way is using the です/ます form, but honorific and humble language are also key.
Expressing that someone is polite in their manner of speaking or behavior
The noun form of 丁寧 (polite, careful). Used to describe the quality of being polite.
彼の話し方には丁寧さが感じられる。
You can sense politeness in the way he speaks.
Refers to politeness in terms of manners and etiquette, often implying proper upbringing.
彼女の礼儀正しさは印象的だ。
Her politeness is impressive.
A more formal or literary term for politeness, often used in written contexts.
手紙の文面に丁重さが表れている。
The wording of the letter shows politeness.
Referring to the grammatical politeness level used in standard polite speech
The standard polite speech style ending sentences with です or ます. This is the most common way to express politeness in Japanese.
日本語では、初対面の人にはです・ます体を使います。
In Japanese, you use the desu/masu form with people you meet for the first time.
Honorific language, which includes respectful and humble forms. A broader term than just desu/masu.
敬語を正しく使うのは難しい。
Using honorific language correctly is difficult.
Describing the action or practice of showing politeness
To behave politely, to be courteous. A common way to describe polite behavior.
お客様には礼儀正しくしてください。
Please be polite to the customers.
To act politely, to conduct oneself with politeness. Slightly more formal.
彼はいつも丁寧に振る舞う。
He always behaves politely.
Discussing the cultural value or abstract idea of politeness
Etiquette, manners, courtesy. Often used when talking about politeness as a social norm.
日本では礼儀が重んじられる。
In Japan, politeness is valued.
Polite, careful. Often used as an adjective to describe polite actions or attitudes.
English often uses the noun 'politeness' where Japanese would use an adjective or verb phrase. For example, 'I appreciate your politeness' is more naturally expressed as 'ご丁寧にありがとうございます' (Thank you for being so polite).
丁寧 (teinei) emphasizes carefulness and attention to detail in actions or speech, while 礼儀正しい (reigitadashii) focuses on adherence to social etiquette and good manners. 丁寧 can be used for things like packaging or explanations, not just people.
日本のビジネスでは礼儀が大切です。
Politeness is important in Japanese business.
彼はとても丁寧に話した。
He spoke with great politeness.
彼の対応はとても丁寧だった。
His response was very polite.