Translation guide
The English word 'principle' covers a range of meanings from fundamental truths and rules to personal moral guidelines. This guide helps you choose the right Japanese expression based on the specific nuance.
A basic idea or rule that explains how something works, often in science or philosophy.
Refers to a fundamental principle or theory underlying a system, especially in science, mathematics, or philosophy.
アルキメデスの原理
Archimedes' principle
この機械はてこの原理を応用している。
This machine applies the principle of the lever.
A general rule or fundamental principle, often used in more abstract or formal contexts. Can overlap with 'principle' as a basic rule.
民主主義の原則
the principles of democracy
A rule or belief about what is right and wrong that influences behavior.
Often translated as 'principle' when referring to a doctrine, policy, or personal creed. It implies a set of beliefs one adheres to.
彼は自分の主義に反する行動はとらない。
He won't act against his principles.
それは私の主義に合わない。
That goes against my principles.
Personal beliefs or convictions, often moral or religious. More formal and less common in daily conversation.
Moral principles or morality, often used in contexts of social justice or ethical duty.
A basic rule or standard that guides actions or decisions.
The most common translation for a general principle or rule. Used in both formal and everyday contexts.
原則として、駐車は禁止されています。
As a general principle, parking is prohibited.
この会社では、能力主義が原則だ。
In this company, meritocracy is the principle.
A policy, guideline, or course of action. Often used in business or organizational contexts.
Used to say that something is generally true, even if exceptions exist.
The standard way to say 'in principle' or 'as a general rule'.
原則として、返品はお受けできません。
In principle, we cannot accept returns.
Literally 'as a facade/principle', often used when contrasting official stance with reality. Implies a gap between stated principle and actual practice.
建前としては平等だが、実際は違う。
In principle it's equal, but in reality it's different.
原理 (げんり) is used for fundamental scientific or philosophical principles (e.g., principles of physics). 原則 (げんそく) is used for general rules, guidelines, or moral principles. In many cases, 原則 is the safer choice for 'principle' as a rule or standard.
主義 (しゅぎ) often translates as '-ism' (e.g., 資本主義 = capitalism). When used alone to mean 'principle', it refers to a personal creed or policy. Be careful not to overuse it for general principles.
彼は自分の信条を決して曲げない。
He never compromises his principles.
an act against moral principles
新しい経営方針
new management principles