Translation guide
The English word "prior" has several distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common uses for learners: indicating something that happened before, expressing priority or importance, and the formal title "prior" in a religious context.
To say that something happened or existed before a particular time or event.
Used as a noun meaning 'before' or 'previous'. Often used in phrases like 〜の前に (before ~) or 〜前の (previous ~).
To indicate that something is more important or takes precedence over other things.
To refer to the head of a priory or a monastic community.
English 'prior to' is often just a formal way to say 'before'. In Japanese, using 前に (まえに) is usually sufficient. Overusing 事前に (じぜんに) can sound stiff in casual conversation.
会議の前に資料を確認してください。
Please check the materials prior to the meeting.
前の仕事はマーケティングでした。
My prior job was in marketing.
Means 'prior', 'beforehand', or 'in advance'. Often used in formal or business contexts.
事前にご連絡ください。
Please contact us prior to your visit.
事前の準備が必要です。
Prior preparation is necessary.
Means 'before' or 'prior to' a point in time. Often used with a time reference.
以前にその話を聞いたことがあります。
I have heard that story prior to this.
A pattern meaning 'prior to ~' or 'before ~'. Used to compare timing.
締め切りより前に提出してください。
Please submit it prior to the deadline.
Means 'priority' or 'precedence'. Used as a noun or in compound verbs like 優先する (to prioritize).
安全が最優先です。
Safety is the top priority.
この仕事は他の仕事より優先します。
This task takes priority over other tasks.
A pattern meaning 'to prioritize ~' or 'to give priority to ~'.
顧客の要望を優先してください。
Please prioritize the customer's requests.
Means 'prior settlement' or 'priority'. Used in formal contexts to indicate something that must be dealt with first.
資金調達が先決問題だ。
Fundraising is a prior issue.
The standard translation for 'prior' as a religious title, meaning the head of a monastery.
彼は修道院長に任命された。
He was appointed prior of the monastery.
Refers to an 'abbot' or 'prior' of a larger monastery, sometimes used for 'prior' in certain orders.
大修道院長がミサを執り行った。
The prior celebrated the Mass.