Translation guide
In Japanese culture, prostrating oneself (dogeza) is a formal, dramatic gesture of deep apology or supplication. It is not an everyday action and carries strong cultural weight. This guide explains how to express the act and the associated phrases naturally.
Describing the physical action of kneeling and bowing deeply until one's head touches the ground, typically as a formal apology or earnest request.
The standard term for prostrating oneself. It specifically refers to the act of kneeling on the ground and bowing deeply, often in a formal apology or plea. Can be used as a noun or with する to mean 'to prostrate oneself'.
彼は土下座して謝った。
He prostrated himself and apologized.
土下座をするのは日本では非常に重い謝罪の形だ。
Prostrating oneself is a very serious form of apology in Japan.
A more formal or literary term meaning to prostrate oneself, often used in historical or ceremonial contexts. Implies lying flat on the ground in submission or reverence.
臣下は王の前に平伏した。
The vassals prostrated themselves before the king.
Literally 'to rub one's forehead against the ground.' A descriptive phrase emphasizing the extreme humility of the gesture. Not a set phrase, but used in narrative.
彼は額を地面にこすりつけて許しを請うた。
He rubbed his forehead on the ground and begged for forgiveness.
Expressing a very deep apology, often involving kneeling and bowing, but not necessarily touching the head to the ground. This is more common in daily life than full dogeza.
To bow deeply, often from a kneeling position. This conveys profound apology or gratitude without the extreme drama of dogeza.
彼は深々と頭を下げて謝罪の意を表した。
He bowed deeply to express his apology.
A four-character compound meaning to humble oneself profoundly and bow low. Often used in formal apologies or to describe a groveling attitude.
不祥事を受けて、社長は平身低頭で謝罪した。
In response to the scandal, the company president apologized with deep humility.
Expressing a desperate request or supplication, often accompanied by a deep bow or prostration.
To prostrate oneself while making a request. This is a very strong way to beg for something, implying one is willing to humiliate oneself.
彼は土下座して頼んだが、聞き入れられなかった。
He prostrated himself and begged, but his request was not granted.
To beg someone persistently, often with a bowing gesture (hands together as in prayer). Implies wearing someone down with pleas.
友人に拝み倒して、お金を貸してもらった。
I begged my friend until he agreed to lend me money.
Dogeza (土下座) is an extreme gesture in modern Japan, often seen as humiliating or overly dramatic. It is rarely used in daily life and may be viewed as insincere or manipulative if done inappropriately. For most apologies, a deep bow (お辞儀) is sufficient.
A standard bow (お辞儀) is used for everyday apologies and greetings. A deep, long bow from a kneeling position (正座して深々と頭を下げる) expresses profound remorse. Dogeza, with the head touching the ground, is reserved for the most serious situations, such as major scandals or life-altering requests.