Translation guide
The English word "pupil" has two main meanings: a student, especially a young one, and the dark circular opening in the center of the eye. These meanings are completely separate in Japanese.
A person who is taught by another, especially a child in school or a private student.
The most common word for a student, typically used for middle and high school students, or students of a particular teacher or school.
彼は熱心な生徒です。
He is an eager pupil.
この学校の生徒は礼儀正しい。
The pupils at this school are polite.
Refers specifically to elementary school children. Often used in official or educational contexts.
A former or current student from the teacher's perspective, emphasizing the mentoring relationship. Often used by teachers, professors, or coaches.
A disciple or apprentice in traditional arts, crafts, or martial arts. Implies a close master-student relationship.
The dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye.
In English, "pupil" can mean both a student and part of the eye. In Japanese, these are completely different words. Using 生徒 for the eye or ひとみ for a student would be a serious mistake.
That elementary school has about 300 pupils.
彼女は私の一番優秀な教え子です。
She is my best pupil.
He became a pupil of a famous potter.
The medical/technical term for the pupil of the eye. Used in formal or scientific contexts.
医者が瞳孔の大きさを調べた。
The doctor checked the size of the pupil.
Common word for the pupil, often used in everyday conversation and literature. Can also refer to the eye itself in poetic contexts.
猫のひとみは暗いところで大きくなる。
A cat's pupils get bigger in the dark.
彼女のひとみは美しい。
Her pupils are beautiful.