Translation guide
The English word "stain" can refer to a discolored mark on a surface, a dye used for coloring, or a moral blemish. This guide covers how to express these meanings naturally in Japanese.
To refer to an unwanted mark or spot on fabric, wood, skin, etc., caused by a substance.
The most common and general word for a stain, especially on fabric, paper, or skin. Often written in katakana.
To refer to a substance used to color materials like wood, fabric, or specimens.
To refer to a mark on one's reputation or character.
Literally 'stain' or 'blot', used metaphorically for a blemish on one's honor or record.
シミ specifically refers to a discolored patch caused by a liquid or substance, while 汚れ is a broader term for any kind of dirt or grime. Use シミ for things like coffee or wine stains, and 汚れ for general soiling.
The English verb 'to stain' does not have a single direct equivalent. Use 染みになる (to become stained) or 染みをつける (to make a stain) depending on context. Avoid literal translations like ステインする.
カーペットにシミがある。
There's a stain on the carpet.
この木材用染料はいい色を出す。
This wood stain gives a nice color.
ワインのシミが取れない。
I can't get the wine stain out.
シャツにコーヒーのシミがついた。
I got a coffee stain on my shirt.
A broader term for dirt, grime, or a stain. Can be used for general soiling, not just discoloration.
この汚れは洗っても落ちない。
This stain won't come out even after washing.
The kanji form of シミ, used in more formal or written contexts. Same meaning.
染み抜きの専門店に行った。
I went to a stain removal specialist.
General term for dye or coloring agent used for fabrics, wood, etc.
この染料は木によく染み込む。
This stain soaks into the wood well.
Refers to food coloring or pigment used to add color to products.
この着色料は天然素材から作られている。
This stain is made from natural materials.
Specifically a staining solution used in biology or microscopy.
細胞を染色液で処理した。
The cells were treated with a stain.
彼の経歴に汚点が残った。
A stain remained on his career.
Means 'scar' or 'flaw', often used for a blemish on reputation.
その事件は彼の評判に傷をつけた。
That incident left a stain on his reputation.