Translation guide
The English word "state" covers several distinct meanings: a condition or status, a political entity, a ceremonial or governmental display, and the act of expressing something clearly. Each meaning maps to different Japanese words and patterns.
Describing the current condition, situation, or status of something or someone.
The most common and general word for "state" or "condition." Used for physical, mental, or situational states.
道路の状態が悪い。
The road is in bad condition.
彼の精神状態は安定している。
His mental state is stable.
Refers to the appearance or visible state of something, often implying observation. Softer than 状態.
患者の様子を見てきてください。
Please go check on the patient's condition.
Refers to the state of affairs or circumstances, often in a broader context.
現在の状況を説明してください。
Please explain the current situation.
A more literary or dramatic word for "state" or "condition," often with a negative connotation.
この有様は何だ。
What a state this is!
Referring to a nation, country, or a political division within a federal system.
The standard word for a sovereign state or nation. Used in formal and political contexts.
The common word for "country." Less formal than 国家, but can also mean "state" in general contexts.
外国に行きたい。
I want to go to a foreign country.
Used for states within a federal system, like U.S. states or Australian states.
カリフォルニア州は大きい。
The state of California is large.
Referring to pomp, ceremony, or official dignity, often in phrases like "state visit" or "lie in state."
The prefix 公式 (official) is used to express "state" in contexts like state visits or state functions.
大統領が公式訪問で日本に来た。
The president came to Japan on a state visit.
Specifically means "state funeral."
元首相の国葬が行われた。
A state funeral was held for the former prime minister.
To state something, i.e., to express in words or writing.
The most direct verb for "to state" in a formal or written context.
彼は意見を述べた。
He stated his opinion.
The general verb for "to say." Can be used for "state" in casual contexts, but less formal.
彼は「ノー」と言った。
He stated "no."
To state clearly or declare explicitly.
社長は目標を明言した。
The president clearly stated the goal.
状態 (じょうたい) refers to the condition of a specific thing or person, while 状況 (じょうきょう) refers to the broader circumstances or situation. Using 状況 for a person's health would sound odd.
When referring to a political entity, 国家 (こっか) is more formal and abstract, while 国 (くに) is the everyday word. For U.S. states, always use 州 (しゅう).
その建物はひどい状態だ。
The building is in a terrible state.
彼女は名前をはっきり述べた。
She stated her name clearly.