Translation guide
Describes a person who is determined, resolute, and not easily swayed. Japanese expressions range from positive traits like 意志が強い to negative nuances like 頑固 (stubborn).
To describe someone who is resolute and determined in a positive light.
Literally 'will is strong'. The most common and neutral way to say someone is strong-willed, emphasizing inner strength and determination.
彼女は意志が強い人だ。
She is a strong-willed person.
If you're not strong-willed, you can't keep doing this job.
Describes someone who is stout-hearted and brave, especially in the face of adversity. Often used for people who remain strong despite hardship.
彼女は気丈に振る舞った。
She behaved in a strong-willed manner.
Refers to a reliable, steady person who is mentally strong and dependable. Often used in everyday conversation.
彼はしっかり者だから、任せて大丈夫だ。
He's strong-willed and reliable, so it's okay to leave it to him.
To describe someone who is obstinate and refuses to change their mind, often with a negative connotation.
The most common word for stubborn. Can be used for both people and attitudes.
父は頑固で、一度決めたら曲げない。
My father is strong-willed (stubborn) and never changes his mind once he's decided.
A stronger, more negative term for obstinacy. Implies unreasonableness.
To describe someone who makes their own decisions and doesn't rely on others.
Literally 'has one's own will'. Emphasizes having personal convictions and acting on them.
彼は自分の意志を持って行動する。
He acts with a strong will of his own.
Means 'self-directed' or 'autonomous'. Often used in contexts of taking initiative.
彼女は自主的に勉強する。
She studies of her own volition (strong-willed).
意志が強い is positive (determined), while 頑固 is negative (stubborn). Use 意志が強い when praising someone's resolve, and 頑固 when criticizing inflexibility.
Avoid directly translating 'strong-willed' as 強い意志の人. While understandable, it sounds unnatural. Use 意志が強い or other natural phrases instead.
Describes someone who is obstinate out of pride or a desire to have their own way. Often used for children or in casual contexts.
あの子は意地っ張りで、謝ろうとしない。
That child is strong-willed (stubborn) and won't apologize.
彼の強情な態度には手を焼く。
I'm at my wits' end with his strong-willed (obstinate) attitude.