Translation guide
The English word 'supply' can be a verb (to provide something needed) or a noun (an amount of something available). This guide covers both uses, organized by meaning, with natural Japanese equivalents.
Expressing the action of giving, providing, or furnishing something that is required or requested.
The most direct and common translation for 'supply' as a verb, used for providing goods, services, or resources, especially in economic or logistical contexts.
その会社は地域に電力を供給している。
The company supplies electricity to the region.
Means 'to provide' or 'to offer'. It is slightly broader and can be used for services, information, or opportunities, not just physical goods.
当社は高品質のサービスを提供しています。
We supply high-quality services.
Often used when an organization supplies items to its members or employees, such as uniforms, equipment, or allowances.
会社は社員に制服を支給している。
The company supplies uniforms to its employees.
A general verb meaning 'to give'. It can be used for supplying abstract things like courage or influence, but is less common for material goods in formal contexts.
その言葉は私に勇気を与えた。
Those words supplied me with courage.
Referring to a stock, store, or quantity of something that is available or kept for future use.
The standard noun for 'supply' in economic or logistical contexts, often paired with 'demand' (需要).
水の供給が不足している。
The water supply is insufficient.
Means 'inventory' or 'stock'. Used when referring to goods kept on hand, especially in business or retail.
Refers to a reserve or store of something, often for personal or emergency use, like food or money.
Specifically refers to items supplied by an organization, like military or company-issued equipment.
Expressing the idea of filling a gap, satisfying a requirement, or making up for a lack.
Means 'to satisfy' or 'to fulfill'. Used for needs, conditions, or demands, rather than physical supply.
そのプロジェクトは顧客の要求を満たしている。
The project supplies the client's needs.
Means 'to supplement' or 'to compensate for'. Used when adding something to make up for a shortage.
供給 is used for supplying goods, energy, or resources in a systematic way (like a utility company). 提供 is broader and can include services, information, or opportunities. For example, you 供給 electricity but 提供 a service.
電力会社は電気を供給する。
The power company supplies electricity.
ホテルは無料の朝食を提供している。
The hotel provides complimentary breakfast.
供給する sounds impersonal and systematic. If you are giving something to a friend, use あげる or 渡す instead. 供給 is for institutional or commercial contexts.
学校は生徒に教科書を支給している。
The school supplies textbooks to students.
支給 is common for institutional distribution
新鮮な水の安定した供給が必要だ。
We need a steady supply of fresh water.
We have an ample supply of that product.
彼は冬に備えて食料の蓄えをしている。
He keeps a supply of food for the winter.
軍は兵士に支給品を配った。
The army distributed supplies to the soldiers.
ビタミン剤で栄養を補っている。
I supplement my nutrition with vitamins.