Translation guide
The English word 'surge' covers several distinct meanings: a sudden increase, a rush of emotion, a physical rush of water or electricity, and a swelling movement. Japanese uses different words and phrases for each.
To describe a rapid rise in quantity, level, or rate.
A noun/suru-verb meaning 'rapid increase' or 'surge'. Commonly used for statistics, demand, etc.
感染者数が急増した。
The number of infections surged.
Literally 'rapid rise', often used for prices, temperatures, or graphs.
株価が急上昇した。
Stock prices surged.
Specifically for a sharp rise in prices or market values.
原油価格が高騰している。
Crude oil prices are surging.
A more colloquial way to say 'increase suddenly'.
最近、問い合わせが急に増えた。
Recently, inquiries have surged.
To express a sudden strong feeling such as anger, joy, or excitement.
Pattern: [emotion] + が込み上げる. Describes an emotion welling up from inside.
怒りが込み上げてきた。
A surge of anger rose up inside me.
Similar to 込み上げる, but often used for excitement or energy that bubbles up.
観客から歓声が湧き上がった。
A surge of cheers erupted from the audience.
Verb meaning 'to get excited/worked up', often for emotions.
To describe a powerful, sudden movement of something physical.
Noun/suru-verb for a rush or flood of people, calls, orders, etc.
問い合わせが殺到した。
Inquiries surged in.
客が店に殺到した。
Customers surged into the store.
Noun meaning 'rapid stream' or 'torrent', used for water.
Loanword from English, used in technical contexts like 'power surge' (電力サージ).
Noun for a swell or surge of waves, or a wavelike motion.
To describe a sudden, powerful forward movement.
Noun/suru-verb meaning 'rush' or 'dash forward'.
群衆が前に突進した。
The crowd surged forward.
Verb meaning 'to surge' or 'to rush' like a wave or crowd advancing.
急増 is the most general for a surge in numbers or quantity. 急上昇 is often used for things that go up like prices or temperature. 高騰 is specifically for a steep price increase, often in economic news.
The loanword サージ is mainly used in engineering or medical contexts (e.g., power surge, hormone surge). For everyday surges, use native Japanese words.
電気自動車の需要が急増している。
There has been a surge in demand for electric vehicles.
怒りが込み上げてきた。
A surge of anger swept through him.
ゲートが開くと、群衆が前に突進した。
The crowd surged forward when the gates opened.
感情が高ぶって眠れなかった。
My emotions were surging and I couldn't sleep.
大雨で川が急流になった。
The river became a surging torrent due to heavy rain.
The equipment failed due to a power surge.
The surge of the waves is strong.
人々がステージに押し寄せた。
People surged toward the stage.