Translation guide
The English word 'symphony' primarily refers to a large-scale orchestral composition. In Japanese, the most common equivalent is 交響曲 (こうきょうきょく), but other related terms exist for different contexts.
Referring to a symphony as a genre of classical music, typically a long orchestral work in several movements.
The standard term for a symphony in the classical music sense. Used for works by composers like Beethoven, Mozart, etc.
ベートーベンの交響曲第5番はとても有名です。
Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 is very famous.
彼は新しい交響曲を作曲しています。
He is composing a new symphony.
Loanword from English, often used in titles of works or in more casual contexts. Less formal than 交響曲.
このシンフォニーは感動的ですね。
This symphony is moving, isn't it?
Referring to the orchestra itself, often as part of its name.
Means 'symphony orchestra'. Used in official names like NHK交響楽団.
彼は東京交響楽団でバイオリンを弾いています。
He plays violin in the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra.
Figurative use: a symphony of colors, sounds, etc., meaning a pleasing combination.
Literally 'symphony' but used in compounds or poetic contexts to describe a harmonious blend. Often seen in phrases like 色彩の交響 (symphony of colors).
秋の森は色彩の交響だ。
The autumn forest is a symphony of colors.
The loanword can also be used figuratively, especially in advertising or creative writing.
When 'Symphony' is part of a proper name (e.g., Symphony Hall, Symphony No. 5).
Pattern for 'Symphony No. N'. Replace [N] with the number.
交響曲第9番
Symphony No. 9
Used for 'Symphony Hall' in names of venues.
大阪シンフォニーホール
Osaka Symphony Hall
交響曲 is the formal, standard term for a symphony as a musical composition. シンフォニー is a loanword that is more casual and often used in titles or marketing. In academic or serious music discussion, 交響曲 is preferred.
マーラーの交響曲は長い。
Mahler's symphonies are long.
このシンフォニー、かっこいい！
This symphony is cool!
Loanword version, sometimes used in names of foreign orchestras or in promotional materials.
ロンドンシンフォニーオーケストラの演奏会に行きました。
I went to a concert by the London Symphony Orchestra.
This dish is a symphony of flavors.