Translation guide
The English phrase "tear down" has two main meanings: physically demolishing a structure, and metaphorically criticizing or dismantling an argument or person. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for each.
To physically destroy or dismantle a building, wall, or other structure.
To harshly criticize someone or something, or to prove an argument false.
Do not use 取り壊す or 解体する for criticizing people or arguments. Those are only for physical demolition. Use the expressions in the second meaning instead.
The most common and neutral verb for demolishing buildings or structures. Transitive.
古い家を取り壊した。
They tore down the old house.
Often used for careful dismantling or deconstruction, not just violent demolition. Can be used for buildings, machinery, etc.
そのビルは来月解体される。
That building will be torn down next month.
General verb for breaking or destroying. Less formal than 取り壊す, and can be used for smaller things too.
壁を壊して部屋を広くした。
We tore down a wall to make the room bigger.
Literary or emphatic word for smashing or demolishing. Often used figuratively as well.
城壁を打ち壊した。
They tore down the castle walls.
To harshly criticize or tear someone/something down verbally. Often used for reviews or personal attacks.
彼は新作映画をこき下ろした。
He tore down the new movie.
To refute or shoot down an argument in a debate. Focuses on logical dismantling.
彼女は相手の主張を論破した。
She tore down her opponent's argument.
To speak ill of, disparage. Common in everyday speech.
彼はいつも人のことをけなす。
He's always tearing people down.