Translation guide
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. In Japanese, the word is 津波, but learners should know related terms and expressions for discussing tsunami warnings, safety, and impact.
Referring to the physical phenomenon of a tsunami
The standard Japanese word for tsunami, used in all contexts.
大きな津波が町を襲った。
A large tsunami struck the town.
津波の高さは10メートルに達した。
The tsunami reached a height of 10 meters.
Discussing official alerts and warnings
Tsunami warning (major tsunami expected).
津波警報が発令されました。
A tsunami warning has been issued.
Tsunami advisory (smaller tsunami possible).
津波注意報が出ています。
A tsunami advisory is in effect.
Major tsunami warning (highest level, for very large tsunamis).
大津波警報が発表された。
A major tsunami warning was announced.
Talking about fleeing from a tsunami
To escape from a tsunami.
津波から高台に逃げた。
We fled to higher ground from the tsunami.
Tsunami evacuation (compound noun).
津波避難訓練に参加した。
I participated in a tsunami evacuation drill.
A traditional saying meaning 'each person flees on their own' during a tsunami, emphasizing individual action.
津波てんでんこの教えを守って、すぐに逃げた。
Following the teaching of 'tsunami tendenko,' I fled immediately.
Using 'tsunami' figuratively for a large surge of something
Can be used metaphorically, similar to English, for a huge wave of something (e.g., information, people).
情報の津波に溺れそうだ。
I feel like I'm drowning in a tsunami of information.
The Japanese word 津波 is pronounced 'tsunami' with a 'ts' sound at the beginning, not 'sunami'. The 'tsu' is a single mora.
In English, 'tidal wave' is sometimes used incorrectly for tsunami. In Japanese, 津波 is the correct term; 潮汐波 (ちょうせきは) means tidal wave in the scientific sense (caused by tides).