Translation guide
The English word 'vault' has several distinct meanings: a secure room, an arched structure, a jump, and a verb meaning to leap over. Each meaning has different Japanese equivalents.
A strongly built room, often in a bank, for storing money or valuables.
Standard term for a bank vault or strongroom.
銀行の金庫室は厳重に警備されている。
The bank vault is heavily guarded.
Can mean a safe or a vault, but often refers to a smaller safe. Context clarifies.
貴重品は金庫に保管してください。
Please keep valuables in the safe/vault.
An arched roof or ceiling, often in a church or underground space.
Literally 'arch-shaped ceiling', used for architectural vaults.
教会のアーチ形天井は美しい。
The church's vaulted ceiling is beautiful.
A technical or literary term for a dome or vaulted ceiling. Rare in everyday speech.
この建物の穹窿は見事だ。
The vault of this building is magnificent.
To jump over an obstacle, often using hands or a pole for support.
General verb for vaulting over something.
彼は柵を跳び越えた。
He vaulted over the fence.
Can mean 'to vault' in sports contexts like pole vault.
彼は棒高跳びで5メートル跳んだ。
He vaulted 5 meters in the pole vault.
Specifically for vaulting over a vaulting box (in gymnastics).
体育の授業で跳び箱を跳んだ。
We vaulted over the vaulting box in PE class.
The sports event involving vaulting, such as pole vault or vault in gymnastics.
Pole vault (athletics).
彼は棒高跳びの選手だ。
He is a pole vaulter.
Vault (gymnastics apparatus and event).
A room or chamber used for burial, often underground.
Underground vault for bones or ashes, often in a cemetery.
墓地の地下納骨堂に遺骨が安置されている。
The remains are kept in the underground vault at the cemetery.
A burial chamber or vault, more general term.
古代の墓室が発見された。
An ancient burial vault was discovered.
In Japanese, 金庫 (kinko) usually means a safe (a movable strongbox), while 金庫室 (kinkoshitsu) is a vault (a room). Use 金庫室 for bank vaults to avoid ambiguity.
跳び越える (tobikoeru) explicitly means to jump over something, while 跳ぶ (tobu) is a general verb for jumping. In sports contexts, 跳ぶ is used for vaulting heights (pole vault), but for clearing an obstacle, 跳び越える is clearer.
She won a gold medal in the vault.