Translation guide
A phrase used to introduce a topic or specify the domain in which a statement applies. In Japanese, it is expressed through various topic-marking patterns and conditional structures.
To say 'regarding X' or 'as for X', often to make a general statement about that topic.
A formal pattern meaning 'concerning N' or 'as for N'. Used in both spoken and written Japanese.
環境問題に関しては、まだ解決策が見つかっていない。
When it comes to environmental issues, a solution has not yet been found.
To highlight a difference between two things or situations, often in the pattern 'when it comes to A vs B'.
Used to compare A and B directly. Often followed by a statement of difference.
都会と田舎では、生活費が全然違う。
When it comes to the city and the countryside, the cost of living is completely different.
Literally 'compared to A, B is...'. Useful for contrasting two items.
To say 'in the case of X' or 'if it's a matter of X', often with a hypothetical nuance.
Means 'in the case of N'. Neutral and widely used.
雨の場合は、試合は中止です。
When it comes to rain, the game will be canceled.
Implies 'when it reaches the level of N' or 'when it becomes a matter of N'. Often used for significant or extreme cases.
Do not translate 'when it comes to' word-for-word into Japanese. Phrases like 来る時に (when coming) are incorrect. Use the topic or conditional patterns above.
A common pattern meaning 'regarding N' or 'as for N'. Slightly less formal than に関しては.
料金については、後で説明します。
When it comes to the fees, I'll explain later.
Used to pick up a topic and comment on it, often implying 'if it's N we're talking about'. Common in conversation.
彼の料理となると、本当に美味しい。
When it comes to his cooking, it's really delicious.
A conditional form that can mean 'if it's N' or 'when it comes to N'. Casual and versatile.
日本語なら、彼が一番詳しい。
When it comes to Japanese, he knows the most.
Emphasizes the topic as a matter of concern. Often used when the topic evokes a strong reaction.
お金のことになると、彼は急に真面目になる。
When it comes to money, he suddenly becomes serious.
去年に比べて、今年の夏は暑い。
When it comes to this summer compared to last year, it's hotter.
プロともなると、練習量が違う。
When it comes to being a pro, the amount of practice is different.