outside
外 centers on the concept of outside: the exterior, beyond a boundary, or something other than the inside.
外 combines 夕 (evening) and 卜 (divination). The traditional explanation is that divination was performed in the evening, outside the normal daily activities, giving the sense of 'outside'.
At evening (夕), a fortune-teller (卜) goes outside to read the stars. The scene of stepping out at night captures the idea of outside.
For ガイ, imagine a guy stepping outside in the evening to do some fortune-telling: guy -> ガイ.
excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to
outside; exterior
outside ...; beyond ...; not included in ...
foreign; abroad; overseas
foreign country
outside (e.g. of a building); exterior
unexpected; surprising
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to be off; to be out (e.g. of gear)
diplomacy
to remove; to take off; to detach; to unfasten; to undo
going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)
surgery (branch of medicine)
exception
exterior; outside; outer; external; lateral
outward appearance; looks
unexpectedly; surprisingly
outside the country; abroad
outdoors; outside; open air
outward appearance; exterior appearance; outward show; looks
suburb; residential area on the outskirt of a city; commuter belt
exception; exclusion
foreign; imported
foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry); gaijin; whitey
eating out; dining out
outdoors; outside
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
outfield
end; verge; extremity; tip; outskirts
infrared rays; infrared radiation
foreign capital (e.g. in a company); foreign investment
inside and outside; interior and exterior
ultraviolet rays; ultraviolet radiation; UV radiation
external injury; external wound; (physical) trauma
Foreign Minister
outer wall
foreign currency; foreign money; foreign exchange
external; foreign; with foreign countries; towards foreign countries
outside the company
outside (a region, area, etc.); out of range (of a mobile network, radar, etc.); outside the sphere (of influence, etc.); out of contention; out of reach
out of the question; outrageous; impossible
foreign affairs
outside the hall (or stadium, market, etc.); off the grounds; off the premises; off-track
outside world; physical world
alienation; estrangement; leaving (someone) out; casting out; cutting off; avoiding; giving the cold shoulder
outside the city; suburbs
outer surface; outside; exterior
foreign-made car; imported car
newspaper extra
open air
exorbitant; outrageous; ridiculous; absurd; excessive; inordinate; extravagant; immoderate
outer garden
to dismantle; to demount; to take something away; to detach
outer moat (of a castle)
foreign travel
regrettable; vexing; upsetting
open sea; ocean
overseas; abroad
open air; outdoors; outside
outer fence; outer enclosure; outer block
public relations; client liaison; client relations
(beyond the) limits; scope; boundary
external pressure; outside pressure; foreign pressure
external angle; exterior angle
outsider; layman; amateur
outside the area
outskirts (of a town); edge (of a town); just outside the city limits
margin
external communication
foreign demand
besides; moreover; in addition
unexpected; unforeseen; strange
in vitro fertilization; in vitro fertilisation; IVF
exceptional; unusual
diplomatic mission; overseas diplomatic establishment
diplomat
external (hard drive, disk drive, etc.)
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
foreign language
loanword (in Japanese, esp. one of Western origin); word of foreign origin
surgeon
foreign rice
auxiliary organization (organisation); extra-departmental body; fringe organization
outfielder
foreign telegram
orthopedic surgery; orthopaedic surgery; orthopedics; orthopaedics
overseas business trip
trip abroad; overseas travel
outside the prefecture