sugar
糖 centers on sugar as a sweet substance, typically derived from grains or plants.
糖 combines 米 (rice/grain) with 唐, which likely contributes the sound トウ and may suggest a sweet substance derived from grains.
Rice 米 is processed with something that looks like a Tang-dynasty 唐 vessel to produce sweet sugar.
For トウ, imagine pouring sugar into a tall glass of iced tea: the tall glass cues トウ while the sugar sweetens the drink.
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sugar
sugar
glycosuria; glucosuria; urine sugar
blood sugar
amount of sugar; sugar content
(unrefined) brown sugar; muscovado
dextrose; glucose (usu. D-glucose); grape sugar
saccharide
sugar content (e.g. in degrees Brix)
fructose; fruit sugar
lactose; milk sugar
cube sugar; sugar cube
molasses; black treacle
conversion to sugar; saccharification
(unrefined) brown sugar; muscovado
konpeitō; small coloured sugar candy covered with tiny bulges
sweetening; sweetened
rock candy; sugar candy; crystallized sugar; sugar crystals
sugar manufacture
sugar coating