climb, rise
陟 centers on upward movement: climbing a slope or rising to a higher place. The given meanings are direct applications of this idea.
陟 combines ⻖ (hill, mound) with 步 (step, walk), suggesting stepping up a hill or rising. The historical development is consistent with this component analysis.
The left side ⻖ is a hill, and the right side 步 is a step. Picture taking a step up a steep hill: you climb and rise.
For チョク, imagine climbing a steep hill and hearing a sharp 'chok' sound with each step: chok -> チョク, as you rise higher.