noun, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
Refers to a person owned by another or forced to work without freedom. Can also be used metaphorically for someone completely controlled by a habit, desire, or system.
古代ローマでは多くの奴隷が使われていた。
In ancient Rome, many slaves were used.
彼はお金の奴隷になってしまった。
He has become a slave to money.
noun, noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
Refers to the institution or state of being a slave. Often used in historical or social contexts.
奴隷制度は19世紀に廃止された。
Slavery was abolished in the 19th century.
隷属 is a more formal, abstract term for subordination or servitude, often used in political or legal contexts, while 奴隷 specifically refers to a slave or the institution of slavery.
召使い is a servant or domestic worker, usually implying a paid or voluntary position, whereas 奴隷 implies ownership and lack of freedom.
Compound of 奴 (servant, slave) and 隷 (servant, subordinate). Both characters carry meanings of servitude and low status. The word has been used in Japanese since at least the Heian period to refer to enslaved people or those in bondage.