noun
pain; suffering; anguish; hardship
Refers to physical or mental pain, distress, or hardship. Often used in emotional or existential contexts, but can also describe physical suffering.
彼は長い間、心の苦しみに耐えてきた。
He has endured mental anguish for a long time.
貧困の苦しみから逃れたい。
I want to escape the hardship of poverty.