noun
darner; Aeshnidae dragonfly
Specifically refers to dragonflies of the family Aeshnidae, known as darners in English. In everyday Japanese, ヤンマ often broadly means any large dragonfly.
池の上を大きなヤンマが飛んでいた。
A large darner was flying over the pond.
noun
large dragonfly
Commonly used for any large dragonfly, not strictly limited to Aeshnidae. Often appears in children's speech and nature observation.
夏になると、庭にヤンマがよく来る。
In summer, large dragonflies often come to our garden.
子供たちがヤンマを追いかけている。
The children are chasing a large dragonfly.
Contains outdated kanji usage; not recommended for modern writing.
The origin is uncertain. Possibly related to the mimetic word やんやん describing a buzzing sound, or from an old compound meaning 'large horsefly'.