noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
Refers to enduring physical or mental hardship, often with a formal or literary tone. Commonly used in the expression 辛苦をなめる (to go through hardships).
彼は長年の辛苦の末、成功を収めた。
After many years of hardship, he achieved success.
移民たちは多くの辛苦をなめてきた。
The immigrants have gone through many hardships.