Translation guide
The English verb "allocate" means to officially set aside or distribute resources (money, time, space, etc.) for a specific purpose. In Japanese, the best translation depends on what is being allocated and the context. Common verbs include 割り当てる (assign/distribute), 配分する (apportion), and 充てる (set aside). For budgets, 計上する is used. For time, 割く is natural. This guide covers the most useful expressions for English-speaking learners.
To give a share of something (money, tasks, seats, etc.) to people or groups.
The most common and versatile verb for 'allocate' in the sense of assigning or distributing shares. Used for budgets, tasks, seats, time slots, etc.
予算を各部署に割り当てる。
Allocate the budget to each department.
新しいプロジェクトに人員を割り当てた。
We allocated staff to the new project.
Focuses on the proportional distribution of a limited resource. Often used for money, time, or supplies.
限られた資源を公平に配分する必要がある。
We need to allocate limited resources fairly.
Means 'to set aside' or 'to earmark' for a specific purpose. Often used with money or time. Note: transitive verb, often used as ～に充てる.
To officially set aside funds in a budget for a specific purpose.
Specifically means to include an amount in a budget or financial statement. Very common in business and government contexts.
来年度の予算に新規事業費を計上した。
We allocated funds for the new business in next year's budget.
A more general phrase meaning 'to allocate a budget'. Can be used when the exact accounting term 計上する is not necessary.
教育にもっと予算を割り当てるべきだ。
We should allocate more budget to education.
To set aside time for a particular activity.
Means 'to spare' or 'to set aside' time (or effort) for something, often from a busy schedule. Very natural in spoken and written Japanese.
毎日30分を運動に割いている。
I allocate 30 minutes every day to exercise.
その問題に時間を割く余裕がない。
I can't afford to allocate time to that problem.
Also used for time, similar to money. Slightly more formal than 割く.
To assign physical space or seating.
Works for seats, parking spaces, storage areas, etc.
駐車スペースは各テナントに割り当てられている。
Parking spaces are allocated to each tenant.
Means 'to secure' or 'to reserve'. Often used when you actively set aside space for a purpose.
イベント用に会議室を確保した。
We allocated a conference room for the event.
割り当てる focuses on assigning a share to someone or something, while 配分する emphasizes the proportional distribution of a whole. Use 割り当てる for tasks, seats, or specific allocations; use 配分する when talking about dividing up a total amount of resources fairly or according to a plan.
The loanword アロケートする exists in IT contexts (e.g., memory allocation), but it is not used in general Japanese. Stick to the native verbs above for natural communication.
委員会はそのプロジェクトに資金を割り当てた。
The committee allocated funds to the project.
勉強にもっと時間を割くべきだ。
You should allocate more time to studying.
Allocate a portion of the profits to R&D.
Allocate the morning to preparing documents.