Translation guide
The English word "compassion" refers to a feeling of deep sympathy and concern for others, often accompanied by a desire to help. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through several words and phrases that emphasize different aspects: emotional sympathy, pity, mercy, or active kindness. The most common and versatile term is 思いやり (omoiyari), which implies considerate, empathetic action. Other terms like 同情 (dōjō) focus on pity or sympathy, while 慈悲 (jihi) is often used in religious or philosophical contexts. This guide helps learners choose the right expression based on the nuance and situation.
Expressing a warm, proactive concern for others' feelings and needs, often leading to thoughtful actions.
The most common and natural word for 'compassion' in everyday Japanese. It implies not just feeling sympathy but also acting with consideration and kindness. It is a positive, warm trait.
彼女はいつも思いやりを持って人に接する。
She always treats people with compassion.
思いやりのある行動が大切だ。
Compassionate actions are important.
Means 'kindness' or 'gentleness'. While not a direct translation of 'compassion', it often overlaps in contexts where compassion is expressed through gentle, caring behavior.
彼の優しさに感動した。
I was moved by his compassion/kindness.
Feeling sorry for someone's misfortune or pain, often from a position of understanding their situation.
The standard word for 'sympathy' or 'pity'. It can imply a slight distance or a superior position (feeling sorry for someone), so it may not always convey the warmth of 'compassion'. Use with care.
同情 can sometimes sound condescending. For a warmer, more equal sense of compassion, 思いやり is often better.
彼の話を聞いて同情した。
I felt compassion (sympathy) hearing his story.
同情するなら金をくれ。
If you feel sorry for me, give me money. (a famous line meaning 'sympathy alone doesn't help')
Means 'pity' or 'mercy', often with a nuance of looking down on someone. It can sound old-fashioned or literary. Not recommended for everyday 'compassion'.
A deep, often spiritual or philosophical compassion, such as that of a deity or an enlightened being.
Often used in Buddhist contexts for 'mercy' or 'compassion'. It implies a profound, unconditional compassion. In everyday language, it can sound formal or religious.
Can mean 'compassion', 'mercy', or 'sympathy', but often implies a sense of obligation or human feeling. It is used in set phrases like 情けをかける (to show mercy).
Referring to compassion in a broad, abstract sense, often in discussions of ethics, leadership, or social values.
Means 'empathy' or 'sympathy'. It emphasizes sharing another's feelings. While not exactly 'compassion', it is often used in similar contexts, especially in modern psychology or business.
リーダーには共感力が必要だ。
Leaders need compassion/empathy.
Literally 'love for humanity'. It conveys a broad, philosophical compassion for all people.
思いやり (omoiyari) is proactive, considerate compassion that leads to kind actions. 同情 (dōjō) is more passive, feeling sorry for someone. If you want to say 'He showed compassion by helping', use 思いやり. If you mean 'I felt compassion for his situation', 同情 might fit, but be aware it can sound pitying.
English 'compassion' covers a wide range. Directly translating it as 同情 in all cases can make you sound condescending. When in doubt, 思いやり is the safest, most positive choice.
彼は哀れみの目で私を見た。
He looked at me with pity/compassion.
Compassion is not for the sake of others (it will come back to you). (proverb)
彼の行動は深い人間愛に基づいている。
His actions are based on deep compassion for humanity.