Translation guide
In Japanese, expressing 'each person' depends on context. Common patterns include 各自 (kakuji) for formal/individual responsibility, 一人ひとり (hitori hitori) for emphasizing every single person, and それぞれ (sorezore) for 'each' in a group. For counting people, use counter 人 (nin) with それぞれ or 一人. In casual speech, みんな (minna) often covers 'everyone/each person'.
To emphasize that every individual in a group does or receives something separately, often in instructions or rules.
Formal noun meaning 'each person' or 'everyone individually'. Common in written instructions, announcements, or formal contexts.
各自、資料を持参してください。
Each person should bring their own materials.
Emphasizes 'each and every person' individually. Used in both formal and casual contexts, often with a focus on personal attention.
先生は一人ひとりの生徒に声をかけた。
The teacher spoke to each student individually.
Means 'each' or 'respectively'. When referring to people, it implies each person in a group, often with their own thing or action.
それぞれの人が意見を言った。
Each person gave their opinion.
To express 'per person' or 'for each person', often with numbers or quantities.
Pattern meaning 'per person'. Used in formal contexts like fees, limits, or allocations.
参加費は一人につき5000円です。
The participation fee is 5000 yen per person.
Also means 'per person', slightly more casual than 一人につき. Common in everyday speech.
一人あたりの予算はどれくらい？
What's the budget per person?
Literally 'each one person', used to clarify that each person gets one item, etc.
それぞれ一人ずつ入ってください。
Please enter one person at a time.
To refer to every individual in a group in everyday conversation, often overlapping with 'everyone'.
Commonly means 'everyone' or 'all'. In context, it can imply each person doing something individually.
みんな、自分の意見を言ってね。
Everyone, please say your own opinion. (implying each person)
In Japanese, pronouns are often omitted when context is clear. To express 'each person' as a subject, use nouns or context instead of a direct pronoun.
If 'each person' is clear from context, simply omit the subject. Japanese relies on context.
順番にやってください。
Please do it in turn. (implying each person)
Formal term for 'each person', similar to 各自 but less common. Used in legal or official documents.
各人の責任において行動すること。
Act on each person's own responsibility.
各自 (kakuji) is formal and often used in rules/instructions. 一人ひとり (hitori hitori) emphasizes individuality and personal attention. それぞれ (sorezore) is neutral and can refer to things or people, meaning 'each' in a group.
Directly translating 'each person' as 各人 (kakujin) or 各個人 (kakukojin) can sound overly formal or unnatural in conversation. Use context-appropriate expressions.
Same as 一人ひとり but written without the repetition mark. Emphasizes individuality.
一人一人が大切な役割を持っている。
Each person has an important role.