Translation guide
The English word "functional" has several distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common uses for learners: describing something that works or is practical, relating to the purpose of something, and the medical sense of affecting function without structural damage. It also touches on mathematical and linguistic uses.
Describing something that is operational, not broken, and able to perform its intended function.
Verb meaning 'to function' or 'to work'. Used for machines, systems, or body parts.
この機械はまだ機能している。
This machine is still functional.
Common verb meaning 'to move' or 'to work'. More casual than 機能する.
エアコンが動かない。
The air conditioner isn't functional.
Potential form of 使う (to use), meaning 'usable' or 'functional'. Often used for tools or devices.
このプリンターはまだ使えるよ。
This printer is still functional.
Adjectival form meaning 'functional' in the sense of being practical or designed for utility. Less common for simply 'working'.
機能的なデザインが好まれる。
Functional design is preferred.
Describing something designed to be useful and practical rather than decorative or luxurious.
Standard adjective for 'practical' or 'functional'. Used for objects, clothing, furniture, etc.
このバッグは実用的で気に入っている。
I like this bag because it's functional.
Similar to 実用的な, but emphasizes design focused on function. Often used in product descriptions.
機能的なキッチンツールを探している。
I'm looking for functional kitchen tools.
Phrase meaning 'easy to use' or 'user-friendly', often implying functional design.
このアプリは使い勝手が良い。
This app is very functional.
Describing the role, job, or intended purpose of a person, object, or system.
Means 'functional' in the sense of 'related to function'. Used in technical or formal contexts.
機能上の問題はない。
There are no functional issues.
Means 'of a role' or 'functional' when referring to the part something plays in a system.
チーム内での彼の役割は機能的だ。
His role within the team is functional.
Describing a medical condition where an organ or body part does not work properly, but no physical abnormality is found.
Medical term for 'functional', as in 'functional disorder'. Used in diagnoses.
機能性ディスペプシアと診断された。
I was diagnosed with functional dyspepsia.
Also used in medical contexts, but less specific than 機能性の.
機能的な問題が原因かもしれない。
It might be caused by a functional problem.
In mathematics, describing something that involves or is related to a function (a mapping between sets).
In linguistics, describing an approach that focuses on how language is used in context.
Refers to 'functional' in functional linguistics or functional grammar.
機能文法の観点から分析する。
Analyze from a functional grammar perspective.
When you mean something is simply 'working' or 'not broken', avoid directly translating 'functional' as 機能的な. Instead, use verbs like 動く or 機能する, or the adjective 使える. 機能的な is more about design or purpose.