Translation guide
A formal linking adverb used to add information, often in writing or speeches. In Japanese, the equivalent expressions vary by formality and sentence position.
To introduce an additional supporting point in formal writing or speeches.
To add information in everyday conversation.
The most common casual additive, similar to 'and also' or 'plus'.
All three can be used in formal writing. さらに is the most direct equivalent of 'furthermore'. また is slightly more casual and can also mean 'also' or 'again'. 加えて is very explicit about adding information and is common in business or academic contexts.
さらに、詳細は後ほど説明します。
Furthermore, I will explain the details later.
また、この問題は以前にも発生した。
Furthermore, this problem has occurred before.
Furthermore, this plan has many advantages.
Common in both spoken and written Japanese, but slightly less formal than さらに. Often used to add a related point.
また、環境への影響も考慮する必要がある。
Furthermore, we must consider the impact on the environment.
Literally 'in addition', used in formal contexts. Often followed by a comma.
加えて、新たな規制が導入された。
Furthermore, new regulations were introduced.
Slightly more emphatic, meaning 'on top of that'. Used in both formal and informal contexts.
その上、彼は約束を守らなかった。
Furthermore, he didn't keep his promise.
それに、今日は暑すぎるよ。
Furthermore, it's too hot today.
Adds emphasis, often implying 'what's more' or 'and even'. Can express surprise.
しかも、彼は一人でそれをやったんだ。
Furthermore, he did it all by himself.
Furthermore, the participation fee is free.
Using さらに in casual conversation can sound overly formal or stiff. Opt for それに or しかも instead.
Furthermore, the participation fee is free.
Using さらに in casual conversation can sound overly formal or stiff. Opt for それに or しかも instead.