Translation guide
A guide to expressing the idea of 'in addition' in Japanese, covering sentence-initial conjunctions, clause-linking patterns, and formal written forms.
To add a new piece of information or an additional point at the start of a sentence, similar to 'in addition' or 'furthermore'.
A common and versatile adverb meaning 'furthermore' or 'in addition'. Used in both spoken and written Japanese.
To link two clauses or items within a single sentence, expressing 'in addition to...' or 'not only... but also...'.
A pattern meaning 'not only... but also...'. Used to add information, often with a nuance of surprise or emphasis.
彼は英語だけでなく、中国語も話せる。
He can speak not only English but also Chinese.
To add information in formal writing, such as academic papers, reports, or business documents.
Used in formal writing to add supplementary information, similar to 'furthermore' or 'in addition'. Often seen in notices and official documents.
さらに is neutral and can be used in both speech and writing. また is slightly more casual and often used in lists. その上 adds a nuance of 'on top of that' and is common in conversation when emphasizing an additional point, sometimes negative.
さらに、質問があればどうぞ。
In addition, please ask if you have any questions.
また、来週も会議があります。
Also, there is a meeting next week as well.
その上、値段も高い。
On top of that, it's expensive.
さらに、新しい店舗が来月オープンします。
In addition, a new store will open next month.
A very common conjunction meaning 'also' or 'in addition'. Slightly more casual than さらに, but widely used in both speech and writing.
また、参加費は無料です。
In addition, the participation fee is free.
Literally 'on top of that', used to add information, often with a nuance of 'what's more' or 'besides'. Common in conversation.
その上、彼は遅刻までした。
In addition, he even showed up late.
The te-form of 加える (to add), used as a conjunction meaning 'in addition'. Slightly formal, common in written Japanese.
加えて、環境への配慮も重要です。
In addition, consideration for the environment is also important.
Means 'in addition to...'. Attaches to nouns. Slightly formal, common in writing and speeches.
日本語に加えて、フランス語も勉強しています。
In addition to Japanese, I'm also studying French.
Attaches to verbs/adjectives in plain form, meaning 'on top of that' or 'in addition to'. Often used for negative or burdensome additions.
雨が降っている上に、風も強い。
In addition to the rain, the wind is also strong.
In addition, we will contact you separately for details.
The kanji form of さらに, often used in formal writing. Same meaning but appears more literary.
更に、本研究では新たな手法を提案する。
In addition, this study proposes a new method.
Do not directly translate 'in addition' as 追加で (ついかで) in most contexts. 追加で means 'additionally' in the sense of adding something physical or extra, like an order. For linking ideas, use the options above.
追加で注文します。
I'll order more (additional items).
Do not directly translate 'in addition' as 追加で (ついかで) in most contexts. 追加で means 'additionally' in the sense of adding something physical or extra, like an order. For linking ideas, use the options above.
追加で注文します。
I'll order more (additional items).