Translation guide
The concept of heresy in Japanese is most commonly expressed with 異端 (itan), which refers to unorthodox or heretical beliefs, especially in religious or ideological contexts. For the specific Christian theological sense, 異教 (ikyō) or 邪教 (jakyō) may be used, but these are less common. In everyday language, 異端 is also used metaphorically for unconventional ideas.
Expressing a belief or opinion that goes against established doctrine, especially in religion or ideology.
Describing an idea, method, or approach that is radically different from the accepted norm, often in non-religious contexts like science, art, or business.
In everyday conversation, directly saying 'それは異端だ' (That's heresy) can sound overly dramatic or religious. Instead, use softer expressions like 'それは普通じゃない' (That's not normal) or 'それは変わってる' (That's strange).
異端 (itan) is the most neutral and widely used term for heresy or unorthodoxy. 異教 (ikyō) specifically refers to a different religion, often from a Christian viewpoint. 邪教 (jakyō) carries a strong negative connotation of a false or evil cult. Use 異端 unless the context demands a more specific nuance.
His opinion was considered heresy.
異端審問は中世ヨーロッパで行われた。
The Inquisition was carried out in medieval Europe.
Literally 'different religion', often used to mean heresy or paganism from a Christian perspective. Less common in secular contexts.
異教の神々を崇拝することは禁じられていた。
Worshipping pagan gods was forbidden.
Implies a false or evil teaching, often used pejoratively. Stronger than 異端 and carries a negative moral judgment.
その教団は邪教として非難された。
The cult was denounced as a heresy.
Used metaphorically for any unorthodox or groundbreaking idea. Common in phrases like 異端児 (heretic, maverick).
彼は科学界の異端児だ。
He is a maverick in the scientific community.
その理論は当初異端とされた。
The theory was initially considered heresy.
Means 'out of the ordinary' or 'unconventional'. Not as strong as heresy, but conveys a departure from common sense.
彼の提案は常識外れだった。
His proposal was unconventional.
ritual of a heretical cult
ritual of a heretical cult