Translation guide
In Japanese, nicknames are often formed by shortening names, adding suffixes like -chan or -kun, or using playful variations. The concept of a 'nickname' can be expressed with words like あだ名, ニックネーム, or 愛称, depending on context.
The learner wants to refer to a nickname in general, or ask about someone's nickname.
The most common and natural word for 'nickname' in Japanese. Used for informal, often playful names given by friends or family. Can sometimes carry a teasing nuance.
彼のあだ名は「タカ」です。
His nickname is 'Taka'.
あだ名で呼んでもいいですか？
Can I call you by your nickname?
A loanword from English, commonly used in casual contexts, especially online or in international settings. Slightly more modern feel than あだ名.
SNSではニックネームを使っています。
I use a nickname on social media.
Literally 'pet name' or 'affectionate name'. Used for endearing nicknames, often for celebrities, mascots, or products. More formal than あだ名.
この車は「カブトムシ」という愛称で親しまれている。
This car is affectionately known by the nickname 'Kabutomushi'.
The learner wants to express the action of giving someone a nickname, or describe how a nickname is formed.
The standard phrase for 'to give a nickname'. Literally 'to attach a nickname'.
友達にあだ名をつけました。
I gave my friend a nickname.
Same pattern as あだ名をつける, but using the loanword. Common in casual speech.
彼に「ジョン」というニックネームをつけた。
I gave him the nickname 'John'.
Japanese nicknames are often created by taking the first part of a name and adding -ちゃん, -くん, or a playful suffix. For example, 'Yamada' becomes 'Yama-chan'. This is a natural way to form nicknames among friends.
田中さん→「タナちゃん」
Tanaka-san → 'Tana-chan'
鈴木くん→「スズくん」
Suzuki-kun → 'Suzu-kun'
The learner wants to ask someone what their nickname is, or tell someone their own nickname.
Direct way to ask 'What is your nickname?'. Polite and natural.
あだ名は何ですか？
What's your nickname?
Casual way to ask 'What does everyone call you?'. Implies nickname without using the word あだ名.
みんなから何て呼ばれてるの？
What does everyone call you?
Standard way to say 'My nickname is ~'.
私のあだ名は「ケン」です。
My nickname is 'Ken'.
The learner wants to express a cute or affectionate nickname, like between couples or for children.
Used for affectionate nicknames, especially for loved ones, pets, or celebrities. Can be used in formal contexts.
彼女の愛称は「ハニー」です。
Her pet name is 'Honey'.
Adding -ちゃん (or the even cuter -たん) to a name or shortened name creates an affectionate nickname. Common for children, close friends, or romantic partners.
まさき→「まーちゃん」
Masaki → 'Ma-chan'
ゆうこ→「ゆうたん」
Yuko → 'Yu-tan'
While あだ名 is common among friends, using it in formal or business settings can be inappropriate. Stick to last name + さん unless you are very close to the person.
会議であだ名を使わないでください。
Please don't use nicknames in the meeting.
あだ名 is the most general and natural for everyday nicknames. ニックネーム is a loanword often used for online handles or international contexts. 愛称 implies affection and is used for pet names or endearing terms for celebrities/products.