Translation guide
The result or consequence of a process, event, or action. Japanese uses different words depending on whether the focus is on the final result, the process leading to it, or the nature of the outcome (good/bad, expected/unexpected).
To refer to the final result or consequence of something, often in a neutral or formal context.
The most common and versatile word for 'result' or 'outcome'. Used in both spoken and written Japanese, from casual to formal.
試験の結果は来週発表されます。
The exam results will be announced next week.
話し合いの結果、計画は中止になった。
As a result of the discussion, the plan was canceled.
Emphasizes a positive outcome or achievement, often the fruit of effort. Common in business and academic contexts.
長年の研究の成果がついに実を結んだ。
The outcome of years of research finally bore fruit.
Refers to the ending or conclusion of a story, event, or situation. Often used for dramatic or narrative outcomes.
その事件の結末は誰も予想できなかった。
No one could have predicted the outcome of that incident.
To emphasize the final state or conclusion reached after a series of events or considerations.
Specifically means 'conclusion' reached after thinking or discussion. Often used for logical outcomes or decisions.
議論の結論はまだ出ていない。
The outcome of the debate has not yet been reached.
A formal, written term for the logical consequence or outcome of something. Rare in conversation.
To express that something happens as a natural or logical result of a previous action or condition.
A pattern meaning 'as a result of ~'. Attach to a noun or verb phrase to indicate the cause.
努力の結果、合格できた。
As a result of my efforts, I passed.
Used after the past tense of a verb to mean 'as a result of doing ~'. Emphasizes the action leading to the outcome.
よく考えた結果、留学することにした。
After careful consideration, I decided to study abroad. (lit. As a result of thinking carefully...)
To describe an outcome that is surprising, unintended, or unfavorable.
Indicates a negative or regrettable outcome, often after a series of bad decisions. Carries a nuance of 'ending up in this state'.
彼は借金を重ねて、この始末だ。
He piled up debts, and this is the outcome.
Refers to the full details or circumstances of an incident from beginning to end, often a problematic one. Formal and written.
To talk about an outcome that is aimed for or hoped for.
As above, but here emphasizing the positive result achieved through effort. Often used with verbs like 上げる (to achieve).
プロジェクトは大きな成果を上げた。
The project produced significant outcomes.
Means 'effect' or 'result', focusing on the impact or efficacy of an action. Common in medical, scientific, or everyday contexts.
結果 is the general term for result/outcome, neutral in tone. 成果 implies a positive achievement or fruit of labor. 結末 is used for the ending of a story or dramatic event, often with a sense of finality.
In casual conversation, Japanese often uses simpler expressions like どうなった？ (What happened? / How did it turn out?) instead of explicitly saying 'outcome'. Overusing 結果 in casual contexts can sound stiff.
交渉の結果を待っています。
We are waiting for the outcome of the negotiations.
結果は予想以上に良かった。
The outcome was better than expected.
As an outcome of this policy, the economy worsened.
事件の顛末を報告書にまとめた。
I compiled a report on the outcome of the incident.
Positive outcomes are expected from the new treatment.