Translation guide
The English verb 'possess' covers ownership, having qualities, and being controlled by emotions or spirits. Japanese uses different verbs and structures depending on the meaning.
To own, hold, or have something as property.
The most common and natural way to say 'have' or 'possess' for tangible items. Literally 'is holding'.
彼は車を2台持っている。
He possesses two cars.
A formal verb for 'own' or 'possess', often used in legal or official contexts.
To have a particular quality, feature, or ability.
Also used for possessing qualities, skills, or abstract traits.
彼女は優れた才能を持っている。
She possesses outstanding talent.
To be under the influence of a strong feeling or supernatural force.
English 'possess' often sounds formal or legalistic. In everyday Japanese, 持っている is the natural equivalent for 'have/possess'. Using 所有する in casual speech can sound stiff.
持っている is the default for 'have' in most situations. 所有する is used for legal ownership, real estate, or formal documents. For qualities, 持っている is also preferred unless emphasizing inherent endowment (備えている).
彼は広大な土地を所有している。
He possesses vast land.
A very formal, literary verb for 'possess', often used for abstract things like rights or abilities.
彼はその権利を有する。
He possesses that right.
Implies being equipped or endowed with a quality, often inherent or necessary.
この車は最新の安全機能を備えている。
This car possesses the latest safety features.
Formal/literary for possessing qualities, often in written language.
彼は高い教養を有する人物だ。
He is a person who possesses high culture.
Used for being possessed by a spirit, ghost, or an obsessive emotion. Passive form of 取り憑く.
彼は悪霊に取り憑かれた。
He was possessed by an evil spirit.
彼女は嫉妬に取り憑かれている。
She is possessed by jealousy.
Specifically for spirit possession, often in religious or occult contexts.
霊媒師は霊に憑依された。
The medium was possessed by a spirit.