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未満 (みまん) Japanese meaning | Kotomora
Common word JLPT N2 Freq. Frequency Top 5,000 Meanings 1
noun, used as a suffix, noun, adverb
less than ; under ; below
Used as a suffix after a number or quantity to mean 'less than that amount', not including the stated number. Often contrasted with 以下 (or less, including the number). Can also be used as a noun or adverb.
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Similar words 以い 下か 以下 means 'or less' and includes the stated number (e.g., 18歳以下 includes 18-year-olds), while 未満 means 'less than' and excludes the stated number.
以い 上じょう 以上 means 'or more' and includes the stated number; it is the opposite of 未満 in comparative contexts.
Etymology Compound of 未 (mi, 'not yet') and 満 (man, 'full; sufficient'). The literal meaning is 'not yet reaching the full amount', which developed into the modern sense of 'less than'.
