noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru'
hardships; privations; difficulties
Refers to severe hardships, trials, or privations, often in a literary or formal context. Can be used as a noun or with する to mean 'to undergo hardships'.
彼は多くの艱難を乗り越えて成功した。
He overcame many hardships and succeeded.
艱難辛苦の末に目標を達成した。
After great hardships and privations, they achieved their goal.