Translation guide
The English word "decided" can describe a firm decision, a clear outcome, or a determined attitude. In Japanese, the most common equivalent is 決める (to decide) or its passive/resultative forms. This guide covers how to express these nuances naturally.
Expressing that a person has resolved to do something or has settled on a choice.
The basic verb meaning 'to decide'. Use in active sentences when the subject makes a decision.
私は留学を決めました。
I decided to study abroad.
Implies a strong resolution or determination, often for a significant life choice.
彼は転職を決心した。
He decided to change jobs (with determination).
An idiomatic phrase meaning 'to make up one's mind' or 'to resolve oneself', often used when facing a difficult situation.
腹を決めて、上司に話した。
I made up my mind and talked to my boss.
Describing a plan, date, or outcome that has been decided and is no longer open to change.
The te-iru form of 決まる (intransitive) meaning 'has been decided' or 'is fixed'. Use for schedules, rules, or outcomes.
会議の日時はもう決まっています。
The date and time of the meeting have already been decided.
More formal than 決まっている, often used in official or business contexts.
方針はすでに決定しています。
The policy has already been decided.
An adjective meaning 'pre-established' or 'predetermined', used in formal or technical contexts.
既定のルールに従ってください。
Please follow the predetermined rules.
Describing a person's firm and unwavering mindset.
An adjective meaning 'firm' or 'resolute', often used to describe attitudes or actions.
彼は断固とした態度で拒否した。
He refused with a decided attitude.
Describes a clear-cut, decisive manner, often in speech or behavior.
彼女はきっぱりした口調で答えた。
She answered in a decided tone.
決める is transitive (someone decides something), while 決まる is intransitive (something is decided). Use 決める when emphasizing the decision-maker, and 決まる when the focus is on the result or state.
私が日付を決めます。
I will decide the date.
日付が決まりました。
The date has been decided.
English often uses 'decided' as an adjective (e.g., 'a decided advantage'), but Japanese does not have a direct equivalent. Instead, use adverbs like 明らかに (clearly) or 断然 (definitely).
まだ決めていません。
I haven't decided yet.