Translation guide
The English word 'permanent' describes something lasting or intended to last indefinitely, without change. In Japanese, the most common equivalent is 永久的 (eikyūteki), but other words like 恒久的 (kōkyūteki) or 不変 (fuhen) are used depending on whether the focus is on duration, institutional permanence, or unchanging nature. This guide helps learners choose the right expression for different contexts.
Describing something that is intended to last indefinitely, without an end.
The most common and general term for 'permanent'. Used for abstract concepts, states, or solutions. Often used in formal contexts.
これは永久的な解決策ではない。
This is not a permanent solution.
We desire permanent peace.
Similar to 永久的 but often implies something established or institutional, like a treaty or system. Slightly more formal.
恒久的な施設として建設された。
It was built as a permanent facility.
Noun meaning 'eternity' or 'permanence'. Often used in compounds or set phrases like 永久に (forever).
この状態が永久に続くわけではない。
This state won't last permanently.
Emphasizing that something does not change over time, rather than just lasting forever.
Means 'unchanging' or 'constant'. Used for principles, truths, or characteristics that are permanent in nature.
この物理法則は不変だ。
This physical law is permanent (unchanging).
Means 'constant' or 'permanent' in the sense of being steady and ongoing. Often used in technical or academic contexts.
Referring to a writing instrument or ink that is not easily erased.
Means 'oil-based'. Used for permanent markers (油性マーカー) as opposed to water-based ones.
油性マーカーで書いてください。
Please write with a permanent marker.
Means 'waterproof'. Sometimes used to describe permanent inks that resist water.
Describing employment that is not temporary or contractual.
Refers to a permanent, full-time employee (as opposed to contract or part-time).
彼は正社員として採用された。
He was hired as a permanent employee.
Referring to a fixed, long-term place of living.
Means 'settlement' or 'permanent residence'. Used as a noun or verb (定住する).
彼は日本に定住するつもりだ。
He intends to take up permanent residence in Japan.
Refers to one's permanent domicile as registered in the family register. Legal term.
Both mean 'permanent', but 永久的 (eikyūteki) is more common and general. 恒久的 (kōkyūteki) often implies something established or institutional, like a permanent constitution or facility. In many cases they are interchangeable, but 恒久的 sounds more formal.
Do not say 永久マーカー. The natural term is 油性マーカー (oil-based marker) or 耐水性マーカー (waterproof marker).
There is a permanent demand.
This ink is permanent (waterproof).
Lifetime employment, a traditional Japanese system. Implies permanent job security.
終身雇用制度は変わりつつある。
The permanent employment system is changing.
本籍地はどこですか？
Where is your permanent domicile?