godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
make; produce; manufacture; build; construct
Broad physical and abstract creation: making objects, producing goods, building structures. 造る is often used for large-scale manufacturing or construction.
彼は木で机を作った。
He made a desk out of wood.
この工場では自動車を造っている。
This factory manufactures cars.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
prepare (food); brew (alcohol)
Used for cooking, preparing meals, and brewing alcoholic beverages. 造る is common for brewing.
母は毎朝お弁当を作る。
My mother makes a boxed lunch every morning.
この地域では日本酒を造っている。
They brew sake in this region.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for growing crops, raising plants, and tilling soil. Sense 4 (to till) is a specific agricultural use.
See also: 野菜を作る
祖母は畑で野菜を作っている。
My grandmother grows vegetables in the field.
田んぼを作るのは重労働だ。
Tilling a rice paddy is hard work.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
draw up (a document); make out; prepare; write
Used for drafting, writing, or preparing documents, lists, plans, etc.
契約書を作ってください。
Please draw up a contract.
旅行の計画を作ろう。
Let's make a travel plan.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
create (artistic work); compose
Used for creating artistic, literary, or musical works. 創る is often preferred for original creative works.
彼は新しい曲を作った。
He composed a new song.
芸術家は独自の世界を創る。
An artist creates their own unique world.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
coin (a phrase); organize; establish; found
Used for coining new words, establishing organizations, founding companies, or setting up systems. 創る can be used for founding something new.
彼は新しい会社を創った。
He founded a new company.
委員会を作って問題を検討しよう。
Let's set up a committee to examine the issue.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for having or bearing a child. Often used in the phrase 子供を作る.
彼らは子供を作ることにした。
They decided to have a child.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for applying makeup or putting on a facial expression. Common in phrases like 顔を作る.
彼女は鏡の前で顔を作っている。
She is putting on her makeup in front of the mirror.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
fabricate (an excuse); feign (a smile); put on a show
Used for making up excuses, faking emotions, or putting on a false appearance. Often carries a negative nuance of deception.
彼は遅刻の言い訳を作った。
He fabricated an excuse for being late.
彼女は無理に笑顔を作った。
She forced a smile.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for forming a line, queue, or row. Common in phrases like 列を作る.
人気の店の前に長い列が作られた。
A long line formed in front of the popular store.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for setting or establishing a record. Common in phrases like 記録を作る.
彼は世界新記録を作った。
He set a new world record.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for committing a sin or crime. Often in the phrase 罪を作る.
彼は若い頃に罪を作ってしまった。
He committed a crime when he was young.